Andromeda is the nearest bright spiral galaxy to the Milky Way, and a near\ntwin in terms of stellar and gas content. This lecture discusses\nthe idea of stellar populations and chemical evolution in galaxies\nas determined by combining observations from within (the Milky Way) and\nwithout (Andromeda). At the end, two other features of these galaxies,\ntheir supermassive central black holes, is introduced, setting up a question\nto be addressed in later lectures.\nRecorded 2006 February 9 in 1008 Evans Laboratory on the Columbus campus\nof The Ohio State University.