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The first few minutes of this conversation is for a lay audience, as Elham Azizi, PhD, and Charly Good, PhD, explained how they\u2019re investigating what causes cancer to grow and spread and how to improve immunotherapy.\n\nThen the discussion moved toward a scientific audience, as Drs. Azizi and Good shared recent findings and asked probing questions about future directions and opportunities in cancer research.\n\nElham Azizi, PhD, is a former American Cancer Society postdoctoral fellow who is now an Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Columbia University. She joined the podcast to share findings from her recent publication, \u201cMapping the evolution of T cell states during response and resistance to adoptive cellular therapy\u201d (https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(21)01471-6#secsectitle0020). \n\nCharly Good, PhD, is an American Cancer Society postdoctoral fellow in the lab of Shelley Berger, PhD, at the University of Pennsylvania. She recently published research in Cell on \u201cAn NK-like CAR T cell transition in CAR T cell dysfunction\u201d (https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)01331-3).\n\nFOR A GENERAL AUDIENCE\n\n1:25 \u2013 Dr. Azizi explains how her lab uses machine learning techniques and other cutting-edge technologies to understand what\u2019s happening in the tumor microenvironment\n\n2:47 \u2013 Dr. Good describes the focus of her research\u2014using the patient\u2019s own immune system to attack cancer \n\nFOR A SCIENTIFIC AUDIENCE\n\n4:19 \u2013 Dr. Good describes takeaways from her recent publication on \u201cAn NK-like CAR T cell transition in CAR T cell dysfunction\u201d (https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(21)01331-3)\n\n7:25 \u2013 Dr. Azizi reacts to the paper\u2026\n\n8:51 \u2013 \u2026and asks why some patients didn\u2019t see an increase in NK receptor expression\n\n12:22 \u2013 Dr. Azizi shares findings from her paper, \u201cMapping the evolution of T cell states during response and resistance to adoptive cellular therapy\u201d (https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(21)01471-6#secsectitle0020)\n\n17:40 \u2013 Dr. Good asks: \u201cWas it at all surprising to you when you first realized that the exhausted population was specific to the responders pre-infusion?\u201d\n\n22:10 \u2013 What\u2019s next in machine learning?\n\n26:03 \u2013 On the impact of ACS funding on their research\n\n30:26\u2013 Why it\u2019s an exciting time for cancer research