Last month the U.S. passed the CHIPS and Science Act, one of the first pieces of national industrial policy \u2013 government planning and intervention in a specific industry \u2014 in the last 50 years, in this case for semiconductors. After the celebratory champagne has been drunk and the confetti floats to the ground it\u2019s helpful to put the CHIPS Act in context and understand the work that government and private capital have left to do.