Genetic advantages in sport tend to be celebrated, but that isn\u2019t always the case when it comes to women\u2019s athletics. At the start of July, two female runners from Namibia, Christine Mboma and Beatrice Masilingi, were told they couldn\u2019t compete in the 400m race in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics unless they reduced their naturally high testosterone hormone levels. Shivani Dave speaks to Katrina Karkazis, a professor of sexuality, women\u2019s, and gender studies, specialising in \u2018sex testing\u2019 and sport regulations, about the rules that ban female athletes with naturally high testosterone. Help support our independent journalism at theguardian.com/sciencepod