Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.06.15.152207v1?rss=1 Authors: Boran, E., Hilfiker, P., Stieglitz, L., Grunwald, T., Sarnthein, J., Klaver, P. Abstract: The involvement of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in working memory is controversially discussed. Critically, it is unclear whether and how the MTL supports performance of working memory. We recorded single neuron firing in 13 epilepsy patients while they performed a visual working memory task. The number of colored squares in the stimulus set determined the workload of the trial. We used the subjects' memory capacity (Cowan's K) to split them into a low and high capacity group. We found MTL neurons that showed persistent firing during the maintenance period. Firing was higher in the hippocampus for trials with correct compared to incorrect performance. Population firing predicted workload particularly during the maintenance period. Prediction accuracy of single trial activity was strongest for neurons in the entorhinal cortex of low capacity subjects. We provide evidence that low capacity subjects recruit their MTL to cope with an overload of working memory task demands. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info