Link to bioRxiv paper: http://biorxiv.org/cgi/content/short/2020.07.15.204347v1?rss=1 Authors: Vierock, J., Rodriguez-Rozada, S., Pieper, F., Dieter, A., Bergs, A., Zeitzschel, N., Ahlbeck, J., Sauter, K., Gottschalk, A., Engel, A. K., Hegemann, P., Wiegert, J. S. Abstract: We report BiPOLES, an optogenetic tool for balanced excitation and inhibition of neurons with light of two different colors. BiPOLES consists of the blue-light-sensitive anion-conducting channelrhodopsin GtACR2 fused to the red-light-sensitive cation-conducting channelrhodopsin Chrimson in a single, trafficking-optimized tandem protein. BiPOLES enables multiple applications including potent dual-color spiking and silencing of the same neurons in vivo and dual-color optogenetic control of two independent neuronal populations. Copy rights belong to original authors. Visit the link for more info