The Altered State
Today we travel to a future where all drugs are legal. Just roll up to the store, and get yourself some cocaine!\n\xa0\n\xa0We start with some history: for centuries a world without drug laws existed. Mark Kleiman, a professor at NYU who studies drug policy, explains that fear of drugs, and the desire to regulate them, really started in the last 1800\u2019s. The rise of industry, advances in chemistry, and the invention of the hypodermic needle all fueled a rise in drug use and in drug fears.\xa0\n\xa0\n\xa0Today, of course, some drugs are legal and others aren\u2019t. Alcohol, tobacco, caffeine and pharmaceuticals are all legal. You probably already know what\u2019s not.\xa0\n\xa0\n\xa0But why are certain drugs legal in the United States and others not? The answer isn\u2019t really science or public health research, but rather historical precedent and racism. Maia Szalavitz, the author of a book called Unbroken Brain: A Revolutionary New Way of Understanding Addiction, walks us through some of the racist campaigns against drugs that linked most of them with \u201cviolent\u201d people of color. Take this New York Times story from 1914, headlined \u201c\u201cNegro Cocaine \u2018Fiends\u2019 Are a New Southern Menace: Murder and Insanity Increasing Among Lower Class Blacks Because They Have Taken to \u2018Sniffing Since Deprived of Whiskey by Prohibition.\u2019\u201d White people said that drug use would make white women sleep with black, asian and latino men. That cocaine made black men impervious to bullets, and make them murder whites at the slightest provocation.\xa0\n\xa0\n\xa0Today, the legacy of those racist ideas is still with us in the form of both drug laws and stereotypes about what a drug user looks like. Which impacts who goes to jail for drugs and who doesn\u2019t.\xa0\n\xa0\n\xa0Here are some statistics: in America, white people and black people are equally likely to use drugs. But black Americans are arrested at twice the rate of white americans for drug crimes. Not only that, but black Americans are more likely to be offered a plea deal that involves prison time than whites are for the same crimes, and are more likely to serve longer sentences than white Americans for the same offense.\xa0\n\xa0\n\xa0Here\u2019s another way to look at it: Black Americans represent 12% of monthly drug users, but comprise 32% of persons arrested for drug possession. And when we\u2019re looking at drug arrests, it\u2019s a huge number of people. Between 1993 and 2011 there were 30 million arrests for drug crimes in the United States, and 24 million of those were for possession of drugs, not selling them.\xa0\n\xa0\n\xa0And while Mark and Maia disagree on a lot of things regarding drug policy, this was one thing they actually agreed on: they both think that possession of small amounts of drugs should be decriminalized.\xa0\n\xa0\n\xa0And I talked to a third person for this episode who agrees. And he\u2019s not someone you\u2019d expect to do so. Officer Tim Johnson, a retired cop. Tim is part of a program called LEAP, Law Enforcement Against Prohibition. He joined as soon as he retired, because despite making a whole lot of drug arrests while he was a cop, he didn\u2019t feel like they were actually making a difference. And there\u2019s data to support that feeling. Studies have shown that while we\u2019ve arrested a whole lot of people for drug possession, the rate of drug abuse hasn\u2019t gone down.\nLearn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices