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Noah Smith and Erik Torenberg discuss Marc Andreessen\u2019s Techno-Optimist Manifesto (a16z), the last waves of economic innovation, energy advancement, and predict the next wave of productivity gains from private and government-enabled innovation. Daffy is offering Econ 102 listeners a free $25 for the charity of their choice when they join: https://www.daffy.org/econ102\n\nWe're hiring across the board at Turpentine and for Erik's personal team on other projects he's incubating. He's hiring a Chief of Staff, EA, Head of Special Projects, Investment Associate, and more. For a list of JDs, check out: eriktorenberg.com.\n\u2013\nSponsors: GIVEWELL | DAFFY | NETSUITE\xa0\nHave you ever wondered where your donation could have the most impact? GiveWell has now spent over 15 years researching charitable organizations and only directs funding to the highest impact opportunities they\u2019ve found in global health and poverty alleviation. Make informed decisions about high-impact giving. If you\u2019ve never donated through GiveWell before, you can have your donation matched up to $100 before the end of the year, or as long as matching funds last. To claim your match, go to givewell.org and pick \u201cPodcast\u201d and enter Econ 102 at checkout.\xa0\n\nDaffy is the most modern and accessible donor-advised fund, making it easier to put money aside for charity. You can make your tax-deductible contributions all at once or set aside a little each week or month. And you don\u2019t just have to donate cash, you can easily contribute stocks, ETFs, or crypto. Plus, you never have to track receipts from your donations again. It\u2019s free to get started and Econ 102 listeners get $25 towards the charity of their choice. Daffy is offering Econ 102 listeners a free $25 for the charity of their choice when they join Daffy https://www.daffy.org/econ102\xa0\n\nNetSuite has 25 years of providing financial software for all your business needs. More than 36,000 businesses have already upgraded to NetSuite by Oracle, gaining visibility and control over their financials, inventory, HR, eCommerce, and more. If you\u2019re looking for an ERP platform head to NetSuite http://netsuite.com/102 and download your own customized KPI checklist.\n\u2013\nEcon 102 is a part of the Turpentine podcast network. To learn more: www.turpentine.co\n\u2013\nLINKS:\n- Noah Smith, Thoughts on Techno-Optimism https://www.noahpinion.blog/p/thoughts-on-techno-optimism\xa0\n- Marc Andreessen\u2019s Techno-Optimist Manifesto\xa0https://a16z.com/the-techno-optimist-manifesto/\n- Robert Gordon, The Rise and Fall of Economic Growth https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_American_Growth#:~:text=Gordon%20considers%20that%20the%20apparent,growth%20between%201920%20and%201970.\n- Miles Kimball (Econ 102\u2019s actual Econ 102 professor) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Kimball\n\u2013\nX / TWITTER:\n@noahpinion (Noah)\n@eriktorenberg (Erik)\n\u2013\nTIMESTAMPS:\n(00:00) Episode Preview\n(01:25) Reaction to Marc Andreessen\u2019s techno-optimism manifesto\n(04:22) Where Noah disagrees: technology does not always empower individuals\n(08:05) How to overcome the natural incentive problem of innovation\n(11:55) Economist Robert Gordon and no analog to step changes in innovation\n(15:50) Sponsors: Daffy | NetSuite\n(21:50) Nuclear energy and other energy advancements\n(29:40) GDP is utterly unprepared for changing preferences\n(33:40) Productivity boom 1987-2004\n(36:58) Was the smartphone actually a step change in productivity?\n(39:42) Next wave of innovation\n(41:50) Where Noah disagrees with Marc Andreessen\n(44:15)Government vs privatized enablement of innovation\n(49:50) Real sustainability is important and possible\n\nThis show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture \u2014 all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We\u2019re launching new shows every week, and we\u2019re looking for industry-leading sponsors \u2014 if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co.