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CardioNerds\xa0(Amit Goyal\xa0&\xa0Daniel Ambinder) join\xa0join Mayo Clinic cardiology fellows (Mays Ali, Charlie Jain, Korosh Sharain) for a scenic walk through\xa0gorgeous\xa0Rochester, Minnesota! They discuss a fascinating case of constrictive pericarditis and severe mitral regurgitation. Dr. Rick Nishimura provides the E-CPR and program director Dr. Frank Brozovich provides a message for applicants. Episode notes were developed by Johns Hopkins internal medicine resident Bibin Varghese with mentorship from University of Maryland cardiology fellow Karan Desai.\xa0\xa0\n\n\n\n\n\nJump to: Patient summary - Case figures & media - Case teaching - References - Production team\n\n\n\nEpisode graphic by Dr. Carine Hamo\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe\xa0CardioNerds Cardiology Case Reports\xa0series shines light on the hidden curriculum of medical storytelling. We learn together while discussing fascinating cases in this fun, engaging, and educational format. Each episode ends with an\xa0\u201cExpert CardioNerd Perspectives & Review\u201d (E-CPR)\xa0for a nuanced teaching from a content expert. We truly believe that hearing about a patient is the singular theme that unifies everyone at every level, from the student to the professor emeritus.\n\n\n\nWe are teaming up with the\xa0ACC FIT Section\xa0to use the\xa0#CNCR episodes\xa0to showcase CV education across the country in the era of virtual recruitment. As part of the recruitment series, each episode features fellows from a given program discussing and teaching about an interesting case as well as sharing what makes their hearts flutter about their fellowship training. The case discussion is followed by both an\xa0E-CPR\xa0segment and a message from the program director.\n\n\n\nCardioNerds Case Reports PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademySubscribe to our newsletter- The HeartbeatSupport our educational mission by becoming a Patron!Cardiology Programs Twitter Group created by Dr. Nosheen Reza\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nConstrictive Pericarditis & Severe Mitral Regurgitation - Patient Summary\n\n\n\nA woman in her late 40s with a history of lupus and hypertension presented with worsening dyspnea on exertion and orthopnea over a year. She reported intermittent pleuritic chest discomfort that had persisted since an episode of acute pericarditis years prior.\xa0A TTE suggested severe mitral regurgitation, and\xa0she was referred to the Mayo Clinic\xa0for mitral valve intervention.\xa0\xa0\xa0\n\n\n\nThe official TTE report from the OSH suggested non-dilated LV, EF 55-60%, normal RV function, severe MR with thickened leaflets and sub-valvular apparatus, moderate to severe TR and a dilated IVC. Furthermore, the CXR showed pericardial calcifications. Upon evaluation by the Mayo Clinic fellows, the JVP was elevated to about 10-12 cm with rapid x and y descents, a positive Kussmaul\u2019s sign, and the murmurs of MR and TR. Her lungs were clear to auscultation and extremities did not demonstrate edema. Re-review of the TTE images revealed posterior pericardial thickening, no septal shift on respiration, but suggestion of annulus\xa0reversus\xa0where medial mitral annulus tissue doppler (9 cm/s) was greater than lateral (8 cm/s). Further, there was evidence of expiratory hepatic vein diastolic flow reversal.\xa0\n\n\n\nFor the team, there was discordance between the apparent severity of her MR reported by echocardiogram and her clinical symptoms. In addition, the echocardiogram was suggestive of specific signs of constrictive pericarditis. Thus, simultaneous RHC/LHC was obtained. There was equalization of RV/LV pressures during diastole, demonstration of a \u201csquare root sign\u201d and importantly discordance between LV and RV pressures with respiration. Thus, discordant clinical findings led to a suspicion for constrictive pericarditis and was corroborated by discordance on invasive hemodynamics! Further, the V-waves were not prominent on wedge pressure tracing and to investigate the mitral regurgitation further, an LV ventriculogram was done. This demonstrated 3+ to 4+ MR.\xa0 Based on all the findings,