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CardioNerds (Drs. Richard Ferraro, Gurleen Kaur, and Rupan Bose) discuss the growing epidemic of obesity and dive into the role of its procedural management with Dr. Steve Nissen, Chief Academic Officer at the Cleveland Clinic HVTI and past president of the American College of Cardiology. This is an exciting topic that reflects a major inflection point in cardiovascular care. In this episode, we discuss the importance of addressing obesity in cardiovascular care, as it is a major driver of cardiovascular disease and the progression of associated cardiovascular comorbidities. We look at the role of bariatric surgery and its ability to produce sustained weight loss. Finally, we look into the emerging role of new medical therapies such as GLP1 and GIP agonist medications. Notes were drafted by Dr. Rupan Bose and episode audio was edited by CardioNerds Intern Dr. Atefeh Ghorbanzadeh.\n\n\n\nThis episode was produced in collaboration with the American Society of Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) with independent medical education grant support from Novo Nordisk. See below for continuing medical education credit.\n\n\n\nClaim CME for this episode HERE. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCardioNerds Prevention PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll\n\n\n\n\n\nCardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPearls and Quotes - Procedural Management of Obesity with Dr. Steve Nissen\n\n\n\n\nObesity is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Returning to a healthy weight can largely prevent the downstream consequences of obesity.\n\n\n\nRegarding lifestyle modifications, diet alone is insufficient in sustaining prolonged weight loss. It is associated with short-term weight loss, but it is generally necessary to supplement with exercise and activity to ensure sustained weight loss.\n\n\n\nBariatric surgery should be considered for patients with BMI \u226540 kg/m2 or BMI \u226535 kg/m2 with obesity-related comorbid conditions who are motivated to lose weight and who have not responded to behavioral treatment with or without pharmacotherapy.\n\n\n\nNew emerging medications, including GLP1 receptor agonists, GIP receptor agonists, and glucagon receptor agonists, are beginning to approach weight loss levels that were previously only seen with bariatric surgery. Further research in this dynamic area is ongoing.\n\n\n\n\nShow notes - Procedural Management of Obesity with Dr. Steve Nissen\n\n\n\nNotes drafted by Dr. Rupan Bose. \n\n\n\nWhat is the role of obesity in the burden of cardiovascular disease, and why is it so important for CardioNerds to address it?\n\n\n\n\nAccording to the AHA, approximately 2.8 to 3.5 billion people worldwide are either overweight or obese. It is estimated that by 2030, 30% of people in the US will have a BMI greater than 30.\n\n\n\nAdipose tissue is associated with cytokine release. Cytokines, in turn, can activate and increase levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and CRP, leading to an increased inflammatory state. This pro-inflammatory state then accelerates the rate of cardiovascular disease.\n\n\n\nObesity is also associated with significant joint and orthopedic diseases, which further impact patients\u2019 quality of life and morbidity.\n\n\n\nAdditionally, obesity is associated with NASH cirrhosis. These adverse liver outcomes hold additional significant systemic implications and morbidity.\n\n\n\n\nHow do you determine one\u2019s goal weight and goal BMI? Is BMI a good standard for measuring obesity?\n\n\n\n\nBMI is a variable of both weight and height. However, it cannot differentiate those whose weight is from adipose tissue versus from muscle mass. Therefore, BMI measurements can sometimes be misleading. Waist circumference may be a better measurement standard for obesity and risk assessment.\n\n\n\nThe \u201capple shape\u201d body type, with more abdominal fat, is associated with higher inflammation and cardiovascular risk than the \u201cpear-shaped\u201d body type, which is where there is more fat deposition in the buttocks a...