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CardioNerds Dr. Rick Ferraro (cardiology fellow at Johns Hopkins Hospital) and Dr. Eunice Dugan (cardiology fellow at the Cleveland Clinic) join episode lead Dr. Tiffany Brazile (cardiology fellow at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine) to discuss the impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease risk, differential risk in specific populations, and effective strategies for counseling patients. They are joined by expert Dr. Jaime Almandoz, Medical Director of the Weight Wellness Program and an Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Audio editing was performed by CardioNerds Academy Intern, student Dr. Tina Reddy.\n\n\n\nThis episode was produced in collaboration with the American Society of Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) with independent medical education grant support from Novo Nordisk. See below for continuing medical education credit.\n\n\n\nClaim CME for this episode HERE. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCardioNerds Prevention PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll\n\n\n\n\n\nCardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPearls and Quotes - Obesity & Cardiovascular Disease Risk\n\n\n\n\nThe durability of metabolically healthy obesity (i.e., normal A1c, lipids, LFTs, BMP, normotensive) is limited. Within 5 years, a third of adults with \u201cmetabolically healthy\u201d obesity will develop a cardiometabolic complication.\n\n\n\nThe biomechanical and psychosocial complications of obesity are just as important as the cardiometabolic complications. Biomechanical and psychosocial complications, including obstructive sleep apnea, joint pain, and mood disorders also influence cardiovascular disease risk.\n\n\n\nWeight loss is not always the patient\u2019s goal. Meet patients where they are and understand their challenges, concerns, and long-term goals with respect to their cardiovascular health and obesity. This information provides an opportunity to frame the conversation in a supportive and engaging way that allows for patient education.\n\n\n\nBody mass index (BMI) is a screening tool for obesity, but is not sufficient for providing individualized care.\n\n\n\nObesity management methods that result in rapid weight loss may not be appropriate for all patients. These methods, such as bariatric surgery and GLP1-receptor agonists, require regular monitoring, follow-up, and multidisciplinary care (e.g., nutritionist, exercise physiologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, psychologist, etc.).\n\n\n\n\nShow notes - Obesity & Cardiovascular Disease Risk\n\n\n\nIs it possible to be healthy at any size?\n\n\n\n\nWhether an individual can be healthy at any size depends on the definition of health and its durability.Approximately 10-15% of adults with obesity are metabolically healthy.The risk for developing cardiometabolic disease is higher in obese versus non-obese adults. One in three adults with metabolically healthy obesity will develop cardiometabolic complications (i.e., insulin resistance/diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension) within five years. Thus, metabolically healthy obesity may represent a transient phenotype with adverse long-term consequences.\n\nConsider non-metabolic health consequences of obesity that also influence cardiovascular disease risk.\n\nObstructive sleep apnea, joint pain leading to decreased physical activity, and mood disorders are key considerations here and encompass the biomechanical and psychosocial consequences of obesity.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nDoes large, rapid weight loss result in poorer long-term weight loss than slower, gradual weight loss?\n\n\n\n\nWhen approaches to weight loss are not sustainable, such as extremely low-calorie diets or extreme fitness regimens, the results and associated health benefits are less likely to be durable.\n\n\n\nRapid, large-magnitude weight loss is appropriate for some adults with obesity and can be achieved throug...