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In this episode, CardioNerds (Amit Goyal), Cardio-OB series co-chair and UT Southwestern cardiology fellow, Dr. Sonia Shah, and episode lead fellow, Dr. Laurie Femnou (UT Southwestern) are joined by Dr. Michael Luna (UT Southwestern) to discuss cardiovascular interventions during pregnancy. We discuss practical considerations for performing coronary angiography and valvular interventions in the pregnant patient, the timing and indication of procedures, and ways to minimize radiation exposure to both mom and baby. Audio editing by CardioNerds Academy Intern, Hirsh Elhence.\n\n\n\n\n\nThis episode is made possible with support from\xa0Panacea Financial. Panacea Financial is a national digital bank built for doctors by doctors. Visit\xa0panaceafinancial.com\xa0today to open your free account and join the growing community of physicians nationwide who expect more from their bank. Panacea Financial is a division of Primis, member FDIC.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPearls \u2022 Notes \u2022 References \u2022 Guest Profiles \u2022 Production Team\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCardioNerds Cardio-Obstetrics Series PageCardioNerds Episode PageCardioNerds AcademyCardionerds Healy Honor Roll\n\n\n\n\n\nCardioNerds Journal ClubSubscribe to The Heartbeat Newsletter!Check out CardioNerds SWAG!Become a CardioNerds Patron!\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nPearls- Cardiac Interventions during Pregnancy \n\n\n\nAttempt should be made to manage pregnant patients with valvular disease with medical therapy, and cardiac interventions during pregnancy should be considered a last resort.Ideally, procedures in the gravid patient should be performed after 20 weeks gestation to minimize fetal risk.\xa0Specific ways to minimize radiation to the pregnant patient and fetus in the catheterization lab include: using an abdominal shield, radial access for coronary procedures, proper positioning of the C-arm to avoid extreme angulation, using collimation, and minimizing fluoroscopic time, frame rate, and use of cine-acquisition. When appropriate, intracoronary imaging modalities (ie. IVUS or OCT) should also be considered.Fetal monitoring should be performed during any cardiac intervention in the pregnant patientMultidisciplinary involvement and contingency planning are critical for the success of any high-risk cardiac intervention in the pregnant patient.\n\n\n\nQuatables - Cardiac Interventions during Pregnancy \n\n\n\n\u201cMeetings including all providers\u2014 our cardiac surgical colleagues, cardiac anesthesiologists, and our obstetrics team\u2014in the care of [pregnant] patients has to be had well ahead of a cardiac procedure to plan every detail.\u201d\n\n\n\nShow notes - Cardiac Interventions during Pregnancy \n\n\n\n1. What are special considerations for performing a balloon valvuloplasty in a pregnant patient with mitral stenosis?\n\n\n\n\xa0In pregnant patients with severe mitral stenosis who cannot be adequately managed with medical therapy, percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PMBV) is the treatment of choice given the high risk of morbidity and fetal loss with cardiac surgery.Ideally, procedures in the gravid patient should be performed after 20 weeks gestation to minimize risk to the fetus.\xa0Assessment of valve anatomy and consideration of the Wilkin\u2019s score are especially important in pregnant patients to minimize the risk of peri-procedural complications.PBMV should performed at experienced centers with cardiac surgery and MFM available.Complications of PBMV are rare but include atrial perforation, cardiac tamponade, arrhythmias, emboli, mitral regurgitation, hypotension and maternal death. Mechanical support should be readily available and a delivery strategy in place in case there is sudden maternal or fetal deterioration.\n\n\n\n2. What are ways to minimize radiation exposure in the catheterization lab to the pregnant patient and fetus?\n\n\n\nThe general principle for imaging during pregnancy is similar to imaging for the general population, with the goal of radiation exposure being as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). The mean radiation exposure to the unshielded abdomen is 1.