Why is it that the boss never seems to know what they\u2019re doing? The famous \u201cDilbert principle\u201d asserts that companies promote incompetent employees into middle management to get them out of the way. But Professor David Dunning, co-creator of the competing \u201cDunning\u2013Kruger effect\u201d, says there\u2019s more to it than that, specifically that the more incompetent a person is, the more confident they can be. Meanwhile, Kelly Shue, Professor of Finance at Yale, says an even simpler idea, the \u201cPeter Principle\u201d helps to explain why people get promoted beyond their level of competence. And entrepreneur Heather McGregor explains why the incompetence of a former boss led her to buy her own company\n \n(Picture: Getty Images)