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Bee declines feature prominently in the news today. But what are the causes for it? Using the example of the UK, we follow the Woodland Trust to explore this issue. Plus, we also discuss two papers which hold differing viewpoints about the pollination crisis generally...

Sources for this episode:

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• Briggs, H., BBC News (2019), Bees: Many British pollinating insects in decline, study shows (online) (Accessed 05/03/2024).
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• Engel, M. S., Rasmussen, C. and Gonzalez, V. H. (2021), Bees. In: Starr, C. K. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Insects. Springer Nature Switzerland.
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• Ghazoul, J. (2005), Buzziness as usual? Questioning the global pollination crisis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20(7): 367-373.
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• Hine, R. S. (2019), Oxford Dictionary of Biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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• Kennedy, P. J., Ford, S. M., Poidatz, J., Thi\xe9ry, D., & Osborne, J. L. (2018). Searching for nests of the invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina) using radio-telemetry.\xa0Communications Biology, 1, 88.
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• Lima, C. G., Sofia Vaz, A., Honrado, J. P., Aranha, J., Crespo, N., & Vicente, J. R. (2022).\xa0The invasion by the Yellow-legged hornet: A systematic review. Journal for Nature\xa0Conservation, 67, 126173.
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• Paxton, R. J. (2010), Does infection by\xa0Nosema ceranae cause \u201cColony Collapse Disorder\u201d in honey bees (Apis mellifera)? Journal of Apicultural Research 49(1): 80-84.
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• Rader, R., Bartomeus, I., Garibaldi, L. A. and Woyciechowski, M. (2015), Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination. Proceedings of the National\xa0Academy of Sciences 113(1): 146-151.
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• Renner, S. S. and Zohner, C. M. (2018), Climate Change and Phenological Mismatch in Trophic Interactions Among Plants, Insects and Vertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology,\xa0Evolution and Systematics 49: 162-182.
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• Takahashi, J., Okuyama, H., Kiyoshi, T., Takeuchi, T., & Martin, S. J. (2019). Origins of Vespa velutina hornets that recently invaded Iki Island, Japan and Jersey Island, UK.\xa0Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 30(3), 434\u2013439.
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• Van Engelsdorp, D.,\xa0et al.\xa0(2009), Colony Collapse Disorder: A Descriptive Study. PLOS ONE 4(8): e6481.
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• Varela, C. (2023), Why are bees important? And how you can help them (online) (Accessed 01/03/2023).
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• Vogel, G. (2017), Where have all the insects gone? Science 356(6338): 576-579.
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• Author unknown, Climate Action Tracker (date unknown), The CAT Thermometer (online) (Accessed 05/03/2024).
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